[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":145},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dataset-tables-akebono":3,"mission-akebono":6},{"ja":4,"en":5},"| 観測装置\u002Fデータ                                        | ID                                                                       | 概要                                                                       |\n|:-------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| Aurora Televition (ATV)                                | [akebono-atv-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-atv-data\u002F)               | あけぼの オーロラTV（ATV）データ                                           |\n| Aurora Televition (ATV), Electric Field Detector (EFD) | [akebono-atv-efd-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-atv-efd-data\u002F)       | あけぼの オーロラTV（ATV）＆電場計測器（EFD）データ                        |\n| Auxiliary                                              | [akebono-orbit-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-orbit-data\u002F)           | あけぼの 軌道・SI情報データ                                                |\n| Electric Field Detector (EFD)                          | [akebono-efd-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-efd-data\u002F)               | あけぼの 電場計測器（EFD）データ                                           |\n| Low Energy Particle Detector (LEP)                     | [akebono-lep-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-lep-data\u002F)               | あけぼの 低エネルギー粒子（LEP）データ                                     |\n| Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)                 | [akebono-pws-npw-ds-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-pws-npw-ds-data\u002F) | あけぼの プラズマ波動＆サウンダー実験（PWS）電界強度スペクトルデータ       |\n| Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)                 | [akebono-pws-npw-py-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-pws-npw-py-data\u002F) | あけぼの プラズマ波動＆サウンダー実験（PWS）指向観測フラックスデータ       |\n| Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)                 | [akebono-pws-ne-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-pws-ne-data\u002F)         | あけぼの プラズマ波動＆サウンダー（PWS）電子密度データ                     |\n| Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)                 | [akebono-pws-spw-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-pws-spw-data\u002F)       | あけぼの プラズマ波動＆サウンダー実験（PWS）電離層上層部イオノグラムデータ |\n| Radiation Detection Monitor (RDM)                      | [akebono-rdm-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-rdm-data\u002F)               | あけぼの 放射線モニター（RDM）データ                                       |\n| Suprathermal Ion Mass Spectrometer (SMS)               | [akebono-sms-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-sms-data\u002F)               | あけぼの 超熱イオン質量分析計（SMS）データ                                 |\n| Thermal Electron Detector (TED)                        | [akebono-ted-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-ted-data\u002F)               | あけぼの熱電子エネルギー分布（TED）データ                                  |","| Instruments\u002FData                                       | ID                                                                       | Summary                                                                               |\n|:-------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| Aurora Televition (ATV)                                | [akebono-atv-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-atv-data\u002F)               | Akebono Aurora Televition (ATV) data                                                  |\n| Aurora Televition (ATV), Electric Field Detector (EFD) | [akebono-atv-efd-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-atv-efd-data\u002F)       | Akebono Aurora Televition (ATV) and Electric Field Detector (EFD) data                |\n| Auxiliary                                              | [akebono-orbit-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-orbit-data\u002F)           | Akebono Orbit and SI Information data                                                 |\n| Electric Field Detector (EFD)                          | [akebono-efd-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-efd-data\u002F)               | Akebono Electric Field Detector (EFD) data                                            |\n| Low Energy Particle Detector (LEP)                     | [akebono-lep-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-lep-data\u002F)               | Akebono Low Energy Particle (LEP) data                                                |\n| Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)                 | [akebono-pws-npw-ds-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-pws-npw-ds-data\u002F) | Akebono Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS) electric field intensity spectrum data |\n| Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)                 | [akebono-pws-npw-py-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-pws-npw-py-data\u002F) | Akebono Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS) Poynting flux data                     |\n| Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)                 | [akebono-pws-ne-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-pws-ne-data\u002F)         | Akebono Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS) electron number density data           |\n| Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)                 | [akebono-pws-spw-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-pws-spw-data\u002F)       | Akebono Plasma Wave ObservaDetectortion and Sounder (PWS) topside ionogram data       |\n| Radiation Detection Monitor (RDM)                      | [akebono-rdm-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-rdm-data\u002F)               | Akebono Radiation Detection Monitor (RDM) data                                        |\n| Suprathermal Ion Mass Spectrometer (SMS)               | [akebono-sms-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-sms-data\u002F)               | Akebono Suprathermal Ion Mass Spectrometer (SMS) data                                 |\n| Thermal Electron Detector (TED)                        | [akebono-ted-data](..\u002F..\u002Fdatasets\u002Fdarts:akebono-ted-data\u002F)               | Akebono Thermal Electron Detector (TED) data                                          |",{"@context":7,"@type":8,"@id":9,"name":10,"url":11,"keywords":12,"hasPart":25,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"temporalCoverage":63,"citation":64,"articleBody":138},"https:\u002F\u002Fschema.org\u002F","Dataset","darts:akebono-collection","Akebono 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(1990) Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity - Studies of aurora dynamics by Aurora-TV on the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite",{"@type":66,"keywords":75,"inLanguage":68,"url":82,"description":83},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5636\u002Fjgg.42.385","Fukunishi, H. et al. (1990) Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity - Magnetic field observations on the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite",{"@type":66,"keywords":75,"inLanguage":68,"url":85,"description":86},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5636\u002Fjgg.42.371","Hayakawa, H. et al. (1990) Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity - Electric field measurement on the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite",{"@type":66,"keywords":75,"inLanguage":68,"url":88,"description":89},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5636\u002Fjgg.42.459","Kimura, I. et al. (1990) Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity - VLF observations by the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite",{"@type":66,"keywords":75,"inLanguage":68,"url":91,"description":92},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5636\u002Fjgg.42.411","Oya, H. et al. (1990) Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity - Plasma wave observation and sounder experiments (PWS) using the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite — Instrumentation and initial results including discovery of the high altitude equatorial plasma turbulence",{"@type":66,"keywords":75,"inLanguage":68,"url":94,"description":95},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002F23.273513","Takagi, S. et al. (1993) IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science - Observation of Space Radiation Environment with EXOS-D",{"@type":66,"keywords":75,"inLanguage":68,"url":97,"description":98},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5636\u002Fjgg.42.511","Whalen, B. A. et al. (1990) Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity - The Suprathermal Ion Mass Spectrometer (SMS) onboard the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite",{"@type":66,"keywords":75,"inLanguage":68,"url":100,"description":101},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5636\u002Fjgg.42.537","Abe, T. et al. (1990) Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity - Measurements of temperature and velocity distribution of thermal electrons by Akebono (EXOS-D) Satellite — Experimental setup and preliminary results —",{"@type":66,"keywords":103,"inLanguage":68,"url":104,"description":105},"WebApplication","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stp.isas.jaxa.jp\u002Fakebono\u002Fselect.html","Akebono ATV\u002FLEP\u002FRDM Quick-Look Plot",{"@type":66,"keywords":103,"inLanguage":68,"url":107,"description":108},"https:\u002F\u002Fdarts.isas.jaxa.jp\u002Fapp\u002Fstp\u002Fakebono\u002FORBIT.html","Akebono Orbit Search Service",{"@type":66,"keywords":103,"inLanguage":68,"url":110,"description":111},"https:\u002F\u002Fdarts.isas.jaxa.jp\u002Fapp\u002Fstp\u002Fakebono\u002FLEP.html","Akebono LEP Output ET-diagram, ASCII-Dump, and SDB at specific date",{"@type":66,"keywords":103,"inLanguage":68,"url":113,"description":114},"https:\u002F\u002Fdarts.isas.jaxa.jp\u002Fapp\u002Fstp\u002Fakebono\u002FTED.html","Akebono TED 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(EXOS-D)",{"@type":66,"keywords":129,"inLanguage":68,"url":130,"description":131},"MiscellaneousLink","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stp.isas.jaxa.jp\u002Fakebono\u002F","Akebono project website at ISAS\u002FJAXA",{"@type":66,"keywords":129,"inLanguage":68,"url":133,"description":134},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp\u002Fen\u002Fmissions\u002Fspacecraft\u002Fpast\u002Fakebono.html","General information on Akebono (EXOS-D) by ISAS\u002FJAXA",{"@type":66,"keywords":129,"inLanguage":68,"url":136,"description":137},"https:\u002F\u002Fspdf.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F","NASA Space Physics Data Facility",[139,143],{"@value":140,"@language":141,"encodingFormat":142},"## 概要\n「あけぼの」(EXOS-D) ミッションは、地球の磁気圏とオーロラの物理現象を観測することを目的として宇宙科学研究所（ISAS）が開発した人工衛星です。アメリカ航空宇宙局、ソ連のインターコスモス、欧州宇宙機関とともに実施した太陽地球系エネルギー国際共同研究計画（STEP）の一番手の観測衛星として、1989年2月22日に鹿児島宇宙空間観測所（現：内之浦宇宙空間観測所）から打ち上げられ、2015年4月23日に運用を終了するまで、26年2か月という長期間にわたり、極域のオーロラ現象およびヴァン・アレン帯の長周期変動を継続的に観測しました。\n\n衛星の重量は約295 kg、形状は高さ 1 m、対面寸法 1.26 m の八角柱型で、太陽電池パネル 4 枚と 30 m 長のアンテナ、5 m と 3 m の伸展マストが装備されています。近地点高度 275 km、遠地点高度 10500 km、軌道傾斜角 75度の長楕円軌道を、1周 211 分の速さで周回しました。\n\n\n## 観測装置について\n「あけぼの」は、プラズマ、磁場、電場、波動を観測する機器と、オーロラ撮像カメラの計 9 種の科学観測機器を搭載しています。\n\n### Magnetic Field Detector (MGF)\nMGFは、地球の磁場を三軸で高精度に測定するための装置です。\n3軸フラックスゲート磁力計とサーチコイル磁力計で構成され、それぞれ 5 m と 3 m の伸展マストを備えています。\n フラックスゲート磁力計は、±1024～±65536 nT（フルスケール）の範囲を4つのレンジで自動に切り替え可能で、各レンジの分解能は16ビットA\u002FDコンバータに相当（0.031～2 nT）します。サンプリングレートは毎秒 32 ベクトルです。\n 三軸サーチコイル磁力計の周波数特性は 800 Hzまでで、100Hz以上の周波数帯域の信号は VLF に使用され、100 Hz以下の信号が磁場実験に使用されます。\n\n### Electric Field Detector (EFD)\nEFDは、電場を測定するための装置です。標準的なダブルプローブ方式(EFD-P)と新開発のイオンビーム方式(EFD-B)の両方でベクトル電界を測定します。電場の強度と方向を検出してプラズマ中の電場変動を捉えます。\n\n\n### VLF Wave Detector (VLF)\nVLFは、非常に低周波（VLF）帯域のプラズマ波動を観測するための装置です。wide band analyzer (WBA)、multi-channel analyzers (MCA)、Poynting flux analyzers (PFX)、ELF frequency analyzers、vector impedance probe (VIP)で構成され、電場成分、磁場成分ともに数Hzから 17.8 kHzの周波数範囲をカバーしています。波動観測の主な目的は、オーロラ帯における高エネルギー粒子降下と密接に関連する波動現象と、波動-波動および波動-粒子の相互作用現象の物理を調べることです。\n\n\n### Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)\nPWSは、高周波（HF）帯域のプラズマ波動を観測するための装置で、i）natural plasma wave observation（NPW）、ii）stimulated plasma wave experiments（SPW）用の 2 つのサブシステムと、iii）電子数密度測定用機器（NEI）から構成され、プラズマ密度や温度の変動を高精度に測定することができます。\n自然プラズマ波の観測と、人工的に送信されたプラズマ波の応答を観測するアクティブサウンダー実験の両方について、多種多様なデータを提供し、また、プラズマ波の人工的な励起は、オーロラ粒子加速領域だけでなく、電離層の高層領域におけるプラズマ構造の電波サウンディングも目的としています。\n\n\n### Low Energy Particle Detector (LEP)\nLEPは、低エネルギーのイオンを観測するための装置です。イオンのエネルギー分布や流れを測定し、地球の磁気圏内のプラズマ環境を解析します。3つの異なるタイプの荷電粒子観測を行います。\n1) オーロラ電子とイオンのエネルギー分布とピッチ角分布\n2) 正イオンの電荷あたりの質量分析\n3) HF帯とVLF帯の粒子束変調のオンボード検出\n\n### Suprathermal Ion Mass Spectrometer (SMS)\nSMSは、低高度磁気圏における熱イオン(0-25 eV)および超熱イオン(25 eV-数keV)の分布を研究するために開発されました。ダイナミックレンジは、質量では 1-70 amu\u002Fe、プラズマ密度では 0.001-100000 \u002F立方cm で、遠地点(=104km)と近地点(=300km)における主要イオンとマイナーイオンの分布関数を定期的に測定します。\n高周波タイプの質量分析計で、選択したエネルギーや質量に依存しないプログラム可能な質量分解能(Δm\u002Fm = 0.06-0.20)を持っています。\nこの装置は、イオンのエネルギースペクトルを高精度に測定し、磁気圏内のエネルギー輸送メカニズムを解析します。\n\n### Thermal Electron Detector (TED)\nTEDは、熱電子の速度分布を測定するための装置です。この装置は、0 から数 eV のエネルギー範囲における熱電子の温度や密度を測定し、プラズマ環境の詳細な解析に貢献します。\n\n### Radiation Detection Monitor (RDM)\nRDMは、放射線を検出するための装置です。電子温度モード(TE)、プローブ特性モード(SH-DC)、速度分布モード(SH-AC)の3つのモードで動作させることができます。この装置は、地球の磁気圏内での荷電粒子の強度の空間分布をモニタリングし、宇宙天気予報や放射線防護の研究に役立ちます。\n\n### Visible and UV Auroral Televition (ATV)\nATVは、オーロラダイナミクスの研究および磁気圏活動の全球モニタリングと同時衛星実験を目的としたカメラです。このカメラは可視域と紫外域の2チャンネルのスナップショットイメージャで、最大8秒に1回の撮影が可能です。\n\n\n## 成果\n\n「あけぼの」の代表的な科学成果として、以下のようなものが挙げられます。\n- 磁力線に平行な電場による粒子加速の実証\n- 極電離圏からのイオン流出についての定量的研究\n- UHR波動が赤道で強まることについての詳細な研究\n- 低高度のプラズマ圏の熱的構造\n- プラズマ圏の密度が磁気嵐の際に部分的に落ち込む現象の発見\n- ヴァン・アレン帯（地球の磁場にとらえられた電子や陽子からなる放射線帯で、地球をドーナツ状にとりまいている）の粒子の長期的変動の観測\n\n「あけぼの」 は、太陽活動の完全な1サイクル（11年）の観測を達成し、地球の磁気圏とオーロラの物理現象に関する多くの重要なデータを提供しました。特に、オーロラの発生メカニズムや磁気圏の構造に関する理解が深まりました。また、これらのデータは、地球の宇宙環境の変動を予測するためのモデルの改良にも貢献しました。\n","ja","markdown",{"@value":144,"@language":68,"encodingFormat":142},"## Overview\nThe \"Akebono\" (EXOS-D) mission is an artificial satellite developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) to observe the physical phenomena of the Earth's magnetosphere and auroras. As the first observation satellite in an collaborative science research project named International Solar-Terrestrial Energy Program (STEP) with NASA, the Soviet Union's Intercosmos, and the European Space Agency, it was launched on February 22, 1989, from the Kagoshima Space Center (now Uchinoura Space Center) and continued its operations until April 23, 2015. Over a long period of 26 years and 2 months, it continuously observed auroral phenomena in the polar regions and long-period variations in the Van Allen belts.\n\nThe satellite weighs approximately 295 kg and has an octagonal prism shape with a height of 1 m and a side dimension of 1.26 m. It is equipped with four solar panels, a 30 m long antenna, and extendable masts of 5 m and 3 m. It orbited in a highly elliptical orbit with a periapsis of 275 km, an apoapsis of 10,500 km, and an inclination of 75 degrees, completing one orbit in 211 minutes.\n\n## Observation Instruments\n\"Akebono\" is equipped with nine scientific observation instruments to observe plasma, magnetic fields, electric fields, waves, and an auroral imaging camera.\n\n### Magnetic Field Detector (MGF)\nMGF is an instrument designed to measure the Earth's magnetic field with high precision in three axes. It consists of a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer and a search coil magnetometer, with extendable masts of 5 m and 3 m, respectively. The fluxgate magnetometer can automatically switch between four ranges (±1024 to ±65536 nT) with full scale, and the resolution for each range (0.031 to 2 nT) corresponds to a 16-bit A\u002FD converter. The sampling rate is 32 vectors per second. The three-axis search coil magnetometer has a frequency characteristic up to 800 Hz, with signals above 100 Hz used for VLF and those below 100 Hz used for magnetic field experiments.\n\n### Electric Field Detector (EFD)\nEFD is an instrument for measuring electric fields. It measures vector electric fields using both a standard double probe method (EFD-P) and a newly developed ion beam method (EFD-B). It detects the intensity and direction of electric fields to capture electric field variations in the plasma.\n\n### VLF Wave Detector (VLF)\nVLF is an instrument for observing plasma waves in the very low frequency (VLF) range. It consists of a wide band analyzer (WBA), multi-channel analyzers (MCA), Poynting flux analyzers (PFX), ELF frequency analyzers, and a vector impedance probe (VIP), covering both electric and magnetic field components from a few Hz to 17.8 kHz. The main objectives of wave observations are to investigate wave phenomena closely related to high-energy particle precipitation in the auroral zone and the physics of wave-wave and wave-particle interactions.\n\n### Plasma Wave Detector and Sounder (PWS)\nPWS is an instrument for observing plasma waves in the high-frequency (HF) range. It consists of two subsystems for i) natural plasma wave observation (NPW) and ii) stimulated plasma wave experiments (SPW), as well as an instrument for measuring electron number density (NEI). It can accurately measure variations in plasma density and temperature. PWS provides diverse data on both natural plasma wave observations and active sounder experiments that observe the response of artificially transmitted plasma waves. The artificial excitation of plasma waves aims to sound plasma structures not only in auroral particle acceleration regions but also in the high regions of the ionosphere.\n\n### Low Energy Particle Detector (LEP)\nLEP is an instrument for observing low-energy ions. It measures the energy distribution and flow of ions to analyze the plasma environment within the Earth's magnetosphere. It performs three different types of charged particle observations:\n1) Energy and pitch angle distribution of auroral electrons and ions.\n2) Mass analysis per charge of positive ions.\n3) Onboard detection of particle flux modulation in the HF and VLF bands.\n\n### Suprathermal Ion Mass Spectrometer (SMS)\nSMS was developed to study the distribution of thermal ions (0-25 eV) and suprathermal ions (25 eV to several keV) in the low-altitude magnetosphere. Its dynamic range covers 1-70 amu\u002Fe in mass and 0.001-100000 \u002Fcc in plasma density, periodically measuring the distribution functions of major and minor ions at the apoapsis (=104km) and periapsis (=300km). It features a high-frequency type mass spectrometer with a programmable mass resolution (Δm\u002Fm = 0.06-0.20) independent of the selected energy or mass. This instrument accurately measures ion energy spectra, analyzing the energy transport mechanisms within the magnetosphere.\n\n### Thermal Electron Detector (TED)\nTED is an instrument for measuring the velocity distribution of thermal electrons. It measures the temperature and density of thermal electrons in the energy range of 0 to several eV, contributing to a detailed analysis of the plasma environment.\n\n### Radiation Detection Monitor (RDM)\nRDM is an instrument for detecting radiation. It operates in three modes: electron temperature mode (TE), probe characteristics mode (SH-DC), and velocity distribution mode (SH-AC). This instrument monitors the spatial distribution of charged particle intensity within the Earth's magnetosphere, aiding in space weather forecasting and radiation protection research.\n\n### Visible and UV Aurora Televition (ATV)\nATV is a camera designed for studying auroral dynamics and global monitoring of magnetospheric activity with simultaneous satellite experiments. This camera has two channels for visible and ultraviolet regions, capable of capturing snapshots every 8 seconds.\n\n## Achievements\nSome representative scientific achievements of \"Akebono\" include:\n- Demonstration of particle acceleration by electric fields parallel to magnetic field lines.\n- Quantitative research on ion outflow from the polar ionosphere.\n- Detailed study on the intensification of UHR waves at the equator.\n- Thermal structure of the low-altitude plasmasphere.\n- Discovery of partial density depletion in the plasmasphere during geomagnetic storms.\n- Long-term observation of particle variations in the Van Allen belts (radiation belts composed of electrons and protons trapped by the Earth's magnetic field, surrounding the Earth in a doughnut shape).\n\n\"Akebono\" achieved observations over a complete solar activity cycle (11 years), providing significant data on the Earth's magnetosphere and auroral phenomena. It has deepened our understanding of the mechanisms of auroral formation and the structure of the magnetosphere. Additionally, this data has contributed to improving models for predicting variations in the Earth's space environment.",1780296732010]